tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-32717406161886755172024-03-06T12:01:25.838-08:00Dental Education & Problems SolutionAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-19874192986585445842013-07-29T23:35:00.000-07:002013-07-29T23:35:57.839-07:00Vitamin - E<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
It is an anti-sterilitic factor.<br />
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Source of Vitamin - E</h2>
<div>
Animal :-</div>
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Fish</div>
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Meat</div>
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Egg-yolk</div>
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Milk</div>
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Butter etc....</div>
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Plant:-</div>
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Lettuce and other green and leafy vegetables and soyabeen, ,corn ,seed oil etc........</div>
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Daily requirements : 15 -20 i.u</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
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Function of Vitamin - E</h3>
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1. It has anti-oxidative effect and prevents unwanted oxidation inside the body.</div>
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2. It is essential for normal reproductive life.</div>
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3. It prevents muscular dystrophy.</div>
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4. It maintains tissue integrity .</div>
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Deficiency syndrome </h4>
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1.R.B.S's resistance to rapture is decreased</div>
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2. Sterility occurs both in male and female i.e. loss of re productivity .</div>
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3.Habitual abortion occurs in female.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-88788208938013952012013-07-29T01:22:00.000-07:002013-07-29T01:22:11.633-07:00Vitamin - D<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Vitamin -D1 Calciferol<div>
Vitamin -D2 Ergo - Calcifrerol</div>
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Vitamin -D3 Chole -Calciferol</div>
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<u>Source of Vitamin -D</u></h2>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;">Animal:- </span></div>
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Liver,</div>
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Fish liver oil</div>
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Sea fish ( Salmon, Tuna, Hering )</div>
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Eggyolk </div>
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Milk</div>
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Milk products like butter, cheese etc</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Plant:-</span></div>
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Yeast and food / vegetables irradiated with ultraviolet ray.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"> Nature:- </span> Ultraviolet ray of sunlight converts Ergo-calciferol and 7-dehydro cholestrerol into Ergo-calciferol and colecalciferol respectively in the skin.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #666666; color: white;"><i><u>Daily Requirements</u> :-</i></span></div>
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400 i.u. for adult.</div>
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600 - 800 i.u in pregnancy and lactation</div>
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<u>Function of Vitamin - D </u></h3>
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1. Vitamin -D regulates the absorption of calcium and phosphorous from the intestinal tract.</div>
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2. Vitamin -D also helps in the calcification of new bone and development of<b> teeth .</b></div>
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3. Vitamin -D is necessary for the proper growth of bone . This is why it is also know as anti-ricketic vitamin. </div>
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<u> Deficiency of Syndrome</u></h4>
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1. Mild deficiency causes insufficient utilization of calcium and phosphorous in developing cartilage and newly formed bones and teeth.</div>
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2. In severe deficiency it causes ricket in children and osteomalacia in adult .</div>
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In ricket , the newly growing bones become abnormal in shape and structure such as bow legs</div>
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, knocky knees , enlargment of the ends of the bones etc. But in osteo malacia it is marked by increasing softness of the bones so that they become flexible and brittle thus causing deformities. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-61498522214069724582013-07-24T00:09:00.000-07:002013-07-24T00:09:34.750-07:00Vitamin - A<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<u>About Vitamin- A :</u></h2>
<div>
Vitamin -A occure in the animal tissue in the from of retinol but in plant , it is found as provitamin which is a yellow-red carotinoid pigment and is converted into vitamin -a in the liver.</div>
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<u>Source:</u> </h3>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">Animal :-</span> Liver</div>
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Fish liver oil (cod liver oil, shark liver oil etc )</div>
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Flesh of the oily fish</div>
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Egg-yolk</div>
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Milk &</div>
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Milk products like butter , cheese, ghee etc.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d5a6bd;"> Plant :-</span><br />
Green leafy vegetable like </div>
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spinach</div>
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pui shak.</div>
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Lal shak</div>
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Kalmi shak</div>
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Yellow or red vegetable or fruit like,</div>
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Carrot</div>
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Beet</div>
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Pine-apple</div>
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Pumkin </div>
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Sweet potato </div>
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Ripe papya</div>
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and</div>
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Mango.</div>
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<i style="background-color: #93c47d;">Daily Requirements :</i></div>
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5000 i.u adult.</div>
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6000-8000 i.u pregnancy and lactation </div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"> Function :</span> </h4>
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1. It is an essential component of rdopsin and promotes cyclic resynthesis of visul purple thus helps in night vision .</div>
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2. It is essential for growth and also maintains the integrity and activity of epithelial tissue and gland . </div>
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3. It is also essential for reproduction. </div>
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4. It helps in the maintenance of resistance to infection . </div>
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5. It plays stabilizing role on the normal permeability to lysosome and mitochondria. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-83037683391822667082013-07-22T23:45:00.000-07:002013-07-22T23:45:04.859-07:00VITAMINS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
What is Vitamins ?</h2>
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Vitamin may be defined as organic chemical substance, minute quantity of which is required and essential for the growth, development and maintenance of body . Only a few vitamins are synthesized in human body . As for example : vitamin K is synthesized in the body by intestinal symbiotic bacteria . Other than , vitamin D is synthesized in the skin by ultraviolet ray . </div>
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Types of Vitamins :</h3>
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According to the solubility ,Vitamin may be classified into ; </div>
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1. Fat soluble vitamins</div>
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2. Water soluble vitamins </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cccccc;"><u>Fat soluble vitamins:</u> </span></div>
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Fat soluble vitamins are those which are soluble in fat soluble solvent .They are easily stored within the body for a long time in the liver and subcutaneous tissue. They are ----</div>
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a) Vitamin A or Retinol</div>
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b) Vitamin D or Calciferol </div>
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c) Vitamin E or Tocopherol </div>
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d) Vitamin K or Anti- haemorrhagic factor. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cccccc;"><u>Water soluble vitamin</u> : -</span></div>
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Water soluble vitamins are those which are soluble in water . They cannot be stored in the body more than 48 to 72 hours . They are..</div>
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a) Vitamin B complex.</div>
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b) Vitamin C or Ascorbic acid . </div>
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pic: Vitamins</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Daily Requirements Of different Vitamins : </h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><b style="background-color: #cccccc;">Vitamin Normal pregnant Mother </b></span></i></u></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><u><br /></u></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;">Vitamin A 5000 i.u 6000- 8000 i.u </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #a2c4c9;">Vitamin D 400 i.u 500 - 800 i.u</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;">Vitamin E 15 -20 i.u </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"> or </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"> 8-10 mg daily </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;">Vitamin K It is synthesized within the body according to</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"> the requirement . But incase of hemorrhagic </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"> disease 5 mg is administered orally or in injection from . </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #93c47d;">Vitamin C 45 mg. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: red;"><i>Vitamin B Complex</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d5a6bd;"> B1 Thiamin 1.2mg 1.6 mg</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"> B2 Riboflavin 1.5mg 1.8 mg</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">B3 Pantathonic acid 5-10 mg</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"> B5 Nicotinic acid 12-18mg </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d5a6bd;"> B6 Pyridoxin 2 mg 2-5 mg</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"> B12 Cyano cobalomin 3mg 4-5 mg </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">Niacin 2mg</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;">Biotin 1.2 - 2.4mg</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">Folic acid 0.4mg</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Greater will be the person's size ,greater will be the requirement . In growing children requirement is greater. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-35106683386635071972013-07-19T23:26:00.000-07:002013-07-20T12:48:16.816-07:00Gutta Percha ( G.P )<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
Gutta Percha : </h2>
<div>
Gutta percha is -</div>
<div>
* Elastic type of impression material</div>
<div>
* Root Canal Filling material </div>
<div>
* Chemically it is an isomer of rubber </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Source of G.P: </div>
<div>
Gutta percha is obtain from the milky juice of various Malaysian Sapotaceous tree especially <u>Balaquium Gutta</u> as latex by the process of tapping the juice thus obtained by tapping coagulated by boiling in water </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
purification :</div>
<div>
It is very important to purify G.P as completely as possible other wise it becomes oxidize & distort its property rapidly The purification is done by washing the crude gutta percha in hot water when the heavier particles settle to the bottom and the lighters are float then removed. Then it is heated by steam , while soft it is made into sticks, cones or blocks of the required size &shape.<br />
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pic:- Gutta percha </div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Composition of Gutta percha :</h3>
<div>
1. Gutta </div>
<div>
2. Resinous Substance 20% - 30%</div>
<div>
3.Some elastic material also incorporated with it ,as </div>
<div>
a)ZnO</div>
<div>
b)Waxes</div>
<div>
c) Fatty acid</div>
<div>
d) Addition of the silica ( Powdered)<br />
<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
pic :-Gutta percha </div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Properties of Gutta percha: </h4>
<div>
1.<br />
Normally it is hard at hot water or heat it becomes soft & plastic & can be easily moulded. On cooling it again becomes hard. </div>
<div>
2.<br />
It is insoluble in water & partially soluble in ether , alcohol, or acetone.</div>
<div>
3.<br />
This is completely dissolved in chlorofrom , Carbon tetra chloride or carbon-di sulfide.</div>
<div>
4.<br />
It is radio opaque . </div>
<div>
5.<br />
It flowers under the stresses of mastication .<br />
6.<br />
It does not seal the margin of cavity tightly which tends to increase the sensibility of the<b> dentin.</b><br />
7.<br />
It is inert & porous in nature . <br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-33701297264940821302013-07-13T23:28:00.001-07:002013-07-14T12:00:21.278-07:00DENTAL CARIES<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
About Dental Caries:</h2>
<div>
Dental caries is a pathogenic process of microbial etiology that result into localized destruction of<b> tooth tissues.</b></div>
<div>
It is a multi-factorial disease involving the following factors:</div>
<div>
1. The host -particularly<b> saliva and teeth.</b></div>
<div>
ii. The microflora and their substrate.</div>
<div>
iii. Diet</div>
<div>
iv. Time .</div>
<div>
so, caries requires a susceptible host a cariogenic <b>oral</b> flora and a suitable substrate , all of which must be present together for a sufficient length of time .</div>
<div>
<br />
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</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> Dental caries</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Type of Dental Caries</h3>
<div>
Caries are of different types------</div>
<div>
* <b> Pits and Fissure</b> caries.</div>
<div>
** Smooth surface caries</div>
<div>
*** <b> Root</b> caries </div>
<div>
**** Deep dentinal caries</div>
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<div>
Dental caries</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Prevention of Dental Caries:</h4>
<div>
We know , dental caries requires a susceptable host , a cariogenic oral flora and a suitable substrate, all of which must be present together for a sufficient length of time .</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
so ,caries prevention is based on the following attempt.....</div>
<div>
a) By increasing the resistance of the host (By Fluoride therapy </div>
<div>
Occusal sealants</div>
<div>
Immunization ) </div>
<div>
b) By lowering the number of micro-organisms in contact with the tooth ( Plaque control by anti plaque agents )</div>
<div>
c) Modification of the substrate by taking non cariogenic foodstuffs.</div>
<div>
d) By reducing the time of the substrate to be in the mouth by limiting the frequency of intake as well as by increasing the frequency of <b>mouth cleaning.</b></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-7394024309279618732013-07-12T06:12:00.000-07:002013-07-12T06:12:00.029-07:00 FLUORIDE against CARIES <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
About Fluoride</h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Though the mechanism of clinical effect of fluoride is still debated but fluoride has been used widely in dentistry from many years in terms of <b>caries</b> prevention .</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Fluoride therapy for the prevention of<b> dental caries</b> is considered under two main headings....</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
1. Systemic Fluoridation </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
2. Topical Fluoridation </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Systemic Fluoridation :</h3>
<div>
a) Fluoridation of communal water : An optimal level of fluoride in the water supply provides significant protection against caries. The optimal concentration depends on the annual average temperature of the community as temperature influences the amount of daily water intake. Temperature ranging between 14.7d c to 17.7d c the optimal level of fluoride is 1.00 p.p.m.In a warmer climate slightly less than 1ppm is sufficient.The effect of fluoride in drinking water persists in adulthood if fluoridated water is consumed in between 8 to 18 years of age </div>
<div>
-i.e during tooth formation and mineralization .</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
b) Fluoride supplements like tablet, drops , lozenges, table salt , <b>vitamin</b> , etc offer an alternative source of systemic fluoridation where water fluoridation is not feasible. These suppliments are usually administerd continuously on a daily basics front birth to the pre-erruptive maturation of permanent teeth .</div>
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</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<u>Topical fluoridation:</u></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">These are the </span>mouth washes<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> , water soluble gels , pastes , chewinggum etc. It is thought that enhanced protection occurs if the teeth are exposed to fluoride shortly after erruption because the enamel surface is very much reactive in this time and absorbs additional fluoride rapidly. A number of fluoride salts and formulation containing fluoride have been assessed including fluoride of stannous , lead and Vanadium as well as mono fluro phosphate (MFP) and fluorides. </span></h4>
<div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-52032601936119822992013-07-11T04:31:00.000-07:002013-07-11T04:31:30.371-07:00DENTAL FILLING MATERIAL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
About Dental Filling Material</h2>
<div>
Usually due to caries ,some part of a tooth lost its anatomical structure and<b> physiological</b> function which further undergoes into a difficult condition resulting extraction of that tooth.So in its primary condition it must be prevented from further<b> decay</b>, which is done by a filling material.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div>
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Classification: </h3>
<div>
Filling Material</div>
<div>
1) Metallic filling material</div>
<div>
eg -Direct filling gold &its alloys Amalgam restoration</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
2) Non-Metallic filling material </div>
<div>
* Dental cement</div>
<div>
* Resin bonded material </div>
<div>
* Endodontics material</div>
<div>
eg- gutta-percha</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Properties of Filling Material :</h4>
<div>
a) Main characteristics -</div>
<div>
1. Filling Material should be non-irritant to the pulp and gingiva.</div>
<div>
2. Filling Material should be cariostatics in nature.</div>
<div>
3. Filling Material should not dissolve or erode in saliva or in fluids taken into<b> mouth.</b></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
b) Mechanical properties -</div>
<div>
1. Filling Material should have adequate strength to withstand the forces of <b>mastication </b>.</div>
<div>
2. Filling Material should be abrasion resistant to dentifrice & constituent of food .</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
c) Thermal properties :</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
1. Co-efficient of thermal expansion should be similar to that of<b> enamel & dentine</b> otherwise it produces marginal leakage.</div>
<div>
2. It should exhibit low thermal conductivity .</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
d) Other properties :</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
1. Filling <b>Material</b> should be cohesive & not adhesive in nature .</div>
<div>
2. Filling Material should be radio opaque so that detection of secondary caries may be possible .</div>
<div>
3. Filling Material should not shows cold flow.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
next ..................DENTAL CEMENT</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-23366722967598221552013-07-10T00:09:00.000-07:002013-07-10T00:09:33.818-07:00MOUTHWASH<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
What Is Mouthwash ?</h2>
<div>
A mouthwash is generally regarded as<b> medicated</b> liquid used for cleaning or treating diseased states of the <b>oral mucous</b> membrane.</div>
<div>
But most of the mouth washes are used to maintain<b> oral hygiene </b>as well as cosmetic purpose.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<u>Uses of Mouthwash</u> : </h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
1) It is use for the comfort of the patient as it is helpful in painful conditions of oral<b> disease</b> .</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
2) Mouthwash is used to maintain oral hygiene -it has some germicidal effect.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
3) Mouthwash acts as a scavenger for cleansing mouth.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
4) Cosmetically it is used to remove bad odour of mouth. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguWboWUu1YJCWrTyVXICbhaZlak-mMPLmGRxGXz_yq1hGMHUW5WVW59hCJtkHJXRhRlLmUpotEO-jY5xgoNE52opZ_ZJHZtc9m8Kdp7BPL0feFhKn0KZMvXdDMA0A3gDOTYQIzyPHhB237/s1600/DENTAL+ZONE++012+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguWboWUu1YJCWrTyVXICbhaZlak-mMPLmGRxGXz_yq1hGMHUW5WVW59hCJtkHJXRhRlLmUpotEO-jY5xgoNE52opZ_ZJHZtc9m8Kdp7BPL0feFhKn0KZMvXdDMA0A3gDOTYQIzyPHhB237/s320/DENTAL+ZONE++012+-+Copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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pic: Mouthwash<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><u>Role of Mouthwash in Dentistry</u> :</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
In dentistry , mouthwash is used as following --</div>
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a) For<b> rinsing</b> and spraying purpose after operative procedures.</div>
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<br /></div>
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b) Following instrumentation.</div>
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In the cases , the use of mouthwash adds comfort to the patient and makes the patient to feel that his mouth is clean and cure due to pleasant taste , odour and colour of the mouthwash. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-89557058398694289612013-07-09T01:35:00.000-07:002013-07-09T01:35:24.923-07:00Impression Materials <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
What is Impression Material?</h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<u>Impression Materials</u> :- The materials which is use to take an impression is known as Impression Materials.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgDccKhLJbKFs8zdioEm5txkEeUfpYxaIVaJGnQPNNb8AwdiI0dyaEQg2dMOZErK8BZue7zOsdGbMXGciArQTMqGQQQNcYYp5puqcdR8NnAdvcHhi3hqbqKRnt5WQNRGQKRUQUL4x5SuB_/s1600/pcjsbvb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgDccKhLJbKFs8zdioEm5txkEeUfpYxaIVaJGnQPNNb8AwdiI0dyaEQg2dMOZErK8BZue7zOsdGbMXGciArQTMqGQQQNcYYp5puqcdR8NnAdvcHhi3hqbqKRnt5WQNRGQKRUQUL4x5SuB_/s320/pcjsbvb.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Ideal properties of impression materials :</h3>
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Best of the ideal properties of impression material given as follows -</div>
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1) The impression material should be elastic in nature &have a good plasticity .</div>
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2) The impression material should have a good flow ,so that it ready flows into the cervices & undercuts.</div>
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3) It should have a viscid consistency , that is it should not be too thick or too thin in consistency.</div>
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4) The impression material should have a low specific heat , so that it does not burn or scaled the soft<b> oral</b> <b>tissues</b> .</div>
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5) It should produce fine & sharp details of the standing <b>teeth</b> & oral tissues.</div>
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6) It should be easily manipulable &not require any elaborated technique.</div>
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7) It should allows a sufficient working time & should set rapidly in<b> mouth .</b></div>
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8) The impression material should not irritant & should not content any harmful ingredients which is injurious to the tissues.</div>
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9) The impression material should have pleasant co lour , taste & o dour.</div>
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10) It should be easily available & cheap.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghD3amFcC39_BJ3xjAS_zd3kjZvAXCYoRUk1X80FA8jZipGGMsqbmIRLN98poevcyMjqaQVbdk5REDjn7Z9rWIW5gZQI8GZ7curAZ7gOFLhRxdAkX-W4IhUuj_2iTzqjt9e-XaaPStyb5P/s1600/pjwcn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghD3amFcC39_BJ3xjAS_zd3kjZvAXCYoRUk1X80FA8jZipGGMsqbmIRLN98poevcyMjqaQVbdk5REDjn7Z9rWIW5gZQI8GZ7curAZ7gOFLhRxdAkX-W4IhUuj_2iTzqjt9e-XaaPStyb5P/s320/pjwcn.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Classification of impression material with examples<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></h4>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
Impression materials mainly classify into two main groups according to their elasticity which is given bellow by a flow chart.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
Impression Material</div>
<div>
a) Non-elastic Rigid</div>
<div>
Plastic--- Thermoplastic </div>
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----Paste</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
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b) Elastic</div>
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---Hydro colloid </div>
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Reversible</div>
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Irreversible</div>
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---Elastomer</div>
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Poly-ether</div>
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Silicon =</div>
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=Condensation silicon</div>
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=Polymerized silicon</div>
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Polysulphide</div>
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Rubber base </div>
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Mercaptan </div>
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Thiokol </div>
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<div>
-=-=-=-=-=-impressions materials=-=-=-=-=-=-</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-70065153960729361902013-07-08T12:44:00.000-07:002013-07-08T12:44:32.362-07:00Impression <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
What is Impression ?</h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In dentistry, an impression is defined as the negative imprint of the natural standing<b> teeth</b> & surrounding supporting oral<b> tissues</b>.</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Classification of Impression .</h3>
<div>
1. Primary Impression </div>
<div>
2. Wash Impression</div>
<div>
3. Final Impression</div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
<b><u>Primary Impression :</u> </b>When the impression is taken to see the gross outline of the teeth & oral cavity at first stage usually by the impression compound is primary impression .</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmDxHPqTyHInpX8JrbwRiCxlWFEDyfUBi-jmW3ZsPn65TC2xMPjL8k5d3fIB7bc0X_bw59ARWn1fbiO6-twOMwXuvuA3mXS8OtnjwcjfmdT_zrv-yd4shRL7PpFhKPzD4DL24SFQfisz9h/s1600/DENTAL+ZONE++012+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmDxHPqTyHInpX8JrbwRiCxlWFEDyfUBi-jmW3ZsPn65TC2xMPjL8k5d3fIB7bc0X_bw59ARWn1fbiO6-twOMwXuvuA3mXS8OtnjwcjfmdT_zrv-yd4shRL7PpFhKPzD4DL24SFQfisz9h/s320/DENTAL+ZONE++012+-+Copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
primary impression</div>
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<div>
<b><u>Wash Impression :</u> </b>If an impression is taken to correct an incomplete impression with a thin section of alginate or paste impression material over the incomplete impression is called wash impression .<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjalRg-9PXwRkwuAVkmGGutYID0Q2zP5o-LNDrATGURRgTb8ran5g3CsnYwT2B1RQEEvGTTHgfTteurFaqaT2XEcUnsuse7QhrDC9YqkEgeIZSLJTbHWn8FTxAzjQwnmXB3vJPta8BdU_-y/s1600/8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjalRg-9PXwRkwuAVkmGGutYID0Q2zP5o-LNDrATGURRgTb8ran5g3CsnYwT2B1RQEEvGTTHgfTteurFaqaT2XEcUnsuse7QhrDC9YqkEgeIZSLJTbHWn8FTxAzjQwnmXB3vJPta8BdU_-y/s320/8.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Wash Impression</div>
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<u style="font-weight: bold;">Final impression :</u> The impression of the edentulous jaw from which a final dental construction is carried out is called wash impression.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnBRPasIoY0HgA7apfu3G39hEgj6FGLKgeq-arWWEv0h2IVyrKE3sh0hXx0c1tywFmLC3vfWOHBudd835QDguyINNgOQA-2-TbFeOh05z9dlKmhBa9pnPTjfE7bhse08VvXXJ1URugVYsC/s1600/psjjnc+xnc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnBRPasIoY0HgA7apfu3G39hEgj6FGLKgeq-arWWEv0h2IVyrKE3sh0hXx0c1tywFmLC3vfWOHBudd835QDguyINNgOQA-2-TbFeOh05z9dlKmhBa9pnPTjfE7bhse08VvXXJ1URugVYsC/s320/psjjnc+xnc.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Final Impression</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Why we Take Impression ?</h4>
<div>
We know that the oral tissues are soft & sensitive , So it is not possible to make artificial appliances or restoration in oral cavities. For this reason, we take an impression of oral cavity & subsequently on which a model or cast is prepared and other steps of dental construction are carried out.</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-85270183087225370632013-07-08T06:32:00.001-07:002013-07-08T06:32:44.628-07:00Sterilization <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
</h2>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
What is sterilization ?</h2>
<div>
Sterilization is the process by which all viable micro-organisms including theirs spores are killed. </div>
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OR</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Sterilization may be defined as a process by which an article is made free from all viable micro-organisms and their spore<span style="font-weight: normal;">s</span><i style="font-weight: normal;">.</i></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>Object of sterilization:</b></i></h3>
<div>
<b>1.</b>Medical, dental and surgical instruments those involve penetration into blood ,tissues and other parts of the living body requires<b> </b>Sterilization<b> </b>to prevents infection . </div>
<div>
e.g. - surgical operation , intravenous infusion , hypodermic injection ,diagnostic aspiration etc......</div>
<div>
2. In microbiology the culture media , suspending fluids, re-agents, containers and equipment used requires sterilization of pure culture.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">3. In pharmaceutical laboratories , sterilization is essential for the production of bacteria free medicine </span></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>Different types of sterilization:</b></div>
<div>
Sterilization is mainly classified into </div>
<div>
a) Physical process.</div>
<div>
b) chemical process.</div>
<div>
c) Filtration.</div>
<div>
Physical process for Sterilization is again consists of </div>
<div>
** Heat</div>
<div>
** Radiation.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUL5E4TGrbh24zTaelmMaOVd3reGMZTc61WbDciRNGZCZ2KbB2rXQPLFNSTcrZHz-Z09JRKbC2LATKGGmLnxNwd4kMUgxE80ipsiiIxi2o-b-nGSPXeWQtNgrRYBpWbBma61RjJZW4cQNO/s1600/pjfnefn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUL5E4TGrbh24zTaelmMaOVd3reGMZTc61WbDciRNGZCZ2KbB2rXQPLFNSTcrZHz-Z09JRKbC2LATKGGmLnxNwd4kMUgxE80ipsiiIxi2o-b-nGSPXeWQtNgrRYBpWbBma61RjJZW4cQNO/s320/pjfnefn.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Autoclave sterilization</div>
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</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271740616188675517.post-36268909785257747302013-07-08T01:11:00.000-07:002013-07-08T02:11:32.882-07:00Acute Alveolar Abscess<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
</h2>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFlTps4dDWxiWwwGsG-7QZs4IQVWrXAVU8oTU5xh-wm703G_OcoKz5Q23vwHZlLk8efCrdpQU-PAzY436MhYVROpRidKdaqJ833zdH_QEM8oTo27uAN1NZtZtKJ2P1ibPiyjH7GT-k7kp_/s1600/afp20030201p511-f5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFlTps4dDWxiWwwGsG-7QZs4IQVWrXAVU8oTU5xh-wm703G_OcoKz5Q23vwHZlLk8efCrdpQU-PAzY436MhYVROpRidKdaqJ833zdH_QEM8oTo27uAN1NZtZtKJ2P1ibPiyjH7GT-k7kp_/s1600/afp20030201p511-f5.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of Alveolar abscess</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
About Alveolar Abscess</h3>
<span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #444444;">Ii is a chemical bacterial and mechanical irritation but usually due to bacterial invasion from death pulp tissue.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #444444;">symptoms :</span></div>
1.<u>Local symptom</u><br />
<br />
Tenderness of the tooth remove by continuous slight process. Patient has throbbing sever pain with swelling of the overlying soft tissue.When swelling become extensive ,it result into cellulite and the patients facial changes.<br />
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2.<u>Systemic symptom.</u><br />
<br />
Fever, Irritation, etc<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Diagnosis of Alveolar Abscess</h3>
<div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCjCWwWZqMET9o8J6XNK_btqMRs6i52lf9AL-OBolFIfi3H0DEAeH7QUjeXEnKOrIj64N01UAB2KmJBNiRb2eeaBP27aUfCMoIBxoOPeRvKFh9sLd7OOMBIU7kHXQiRcjwoRCiFO7Utmo2/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCjCWwWZqMET9o8J6XNK_btqMRs6i52lf9AL-OBolFIfi3H0DEAeH7QUjeXEnKOrIj64N01UAB2KmJBNiRb2eeaBP27aUfCMoIBxoOPeRvKFh9sLd7OOMBIU7kHXQiRcjwoRCiFO7Utmo2/s320/2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Symptom of Alveolar Abscess</td></tr>
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</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
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<div>
1.<u>Clinical examination</u> : </div>
<div>
Tooth may be easily treated when infection has progress to develop<b> periodontists</b> due to elongation of the tooth out of socket . Tooth will be tender on percussion . Thermal test no response.</div>
<div>
2. <u>Radiography</u> :</div>
<div>
Cavity or faulty<b> filling</b> in the tooth ,along with thicken periodontal <b>ligament</b> and evidence of breakdown of bone in topical region.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
The Emergency Treatment of Alveolar Abscess.</h4>
<div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_Ugjdbs0mPyDbwNddF-0AOH34-rENNgfVGa-X3OslZMunBX7blx-SpUabkYuvZrflIg8RsLaICSwY1eDygKT5ZSR_A8csY0rWPge4lEvi2ueNCDy8AFukZQ6XsOztr_Z-b71t65hm_yNJ/s1600/periodontal+abscess.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_Ugjdbs0mPyDbwNddF-0AOH34-rENNgfVGa-X3OslZMunBX7blx-SpUabkYuvZrflIg8RsLaICSwY1eDygKT5ZSR_A8csY0rWPge4lEvi2ueNCDy8AFukZQ6XsOztr_Z-b71t65hm_yNJ/s1600/periodontal+abscess.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drainage of Alveolar Abscess</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b>Treatment</b> should be aim of converting the acute condition to a chronic one as acute condition to a chronic one as quickly as possible and chronic one as quickly as possible and then attempting remove the cause .Drainage is instituted .Relief the bite .Suitable antibiotic is given orally .If the abscess fluent and ready to discharge , it may be incised and the wound kept open with a "H" shape rubber dam . The incision should be made at the most depend part of <b>swelling</b>.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11552663395039284317noreply@blogger.com6